To know a person, observe their actions. Ask questions to test their adaptability; inquire about the obvious to gauge their honesty. Wealth reveals integrity; temptation tests self-control. Adversity shows courage; intoxication uncovers hidden discontent. Distance proves loyalty; closeness reveals respect. Complexity demonstrates capability; sudden questions expose wisdom. Keep promises, and watch for consistency.
Observe how people spend their riches and bear their poverty. Listen to their words, then watch their deeds. Joy should not change their principles; anger should not cloud their judgment. Sorrow reveals compassion; hardship builds character. The humble remain dignified; the honored stay modest.
In youth, seek diligence and respect. In adulthood, value integrity and selflessness. In old age, admire wisdom and restraint. Family bonds show love; community ties reveal trust. Leaders and followers must share loyalty and generosity.
To truly understand someone, remain silent and observe. Combine these methods—like pieces of a puzzle—to see the whole picture. This ancient wisdom is not just about judging others; it is a mirror for self-reflection. Know others, and you will know yourself.